Writing Gurumukhi words using Baraha transliteration scheme is as easy as writing our names in English. ਭਾਰਤ ਮਾਡਾ ਦੇਸ਼ ਹੈ can be written as bhArat mADA desh hai. The transliteration rules are shown below with examples.
Vowel:
ਅ = a, ਆ = A,aa, ਇ = i, ਈ = I,ee, ਉ = u, ਊ = U,oo, ਏ = e,E, ਐ = ai, ਓ = o,O, ਔ = au,ou
ਂ = M
ਃ = H
ੰ = ~n (tippi)
ੱ = ~m (addak)
Consonant:
ਸ = s, ਸ਼ = S,sx,sh ਹ = h,~h
ਕ = k, ਖ = K,kh, ਗ = g, ਘ = G,gh, ਙ = ~g
ਚ = c,ch, ਛ = C,Ch, ਜ = j, ਝ = J,jh, ਞ = ~j
ਟ = T, ਠ = Th, ਡ = D, ਢ = Dh, ਣ = N
ਤ = t, ਥ = th, ਦ = d, ਧ = dh, ਨ = n
ਪ = p, ਫ = P,ph, ਬ = b, ਭ = B,bh, ਮ = m
ਯ = y,Y, ਰ = r, ਲ = l, ਲ਼ = L,lx ਵ = v,w
ਖ਼ = Kx
ਗ਼ = gx
ਜ਼ = z,jx
ੜ = R,rx
ਫ਼ = f,Px
Others:
ऽ = & (avagraha)
ੴ = oum
਼(nukta) = x
Zero Width Joiner = ^
Zero Width Non Joiner = ^^
Punctuation Marks:
The English symbols [ ] { } ( ) - + * / = | ; : . , " ? ! % \ ~ _ @ # $ translate into the same symbols in Gurumukhi also.
Quotation Marks:
` ' characters are converted to single smart quotes (‘ ’) characters. We can get double smart quotes (“ ”) by using them twice.
~ Usage:
'~' character when used with other characters form a different character as shown below.
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Example: ~~ = ~ ~& = & ~^ = ^ ~g = ਙ ~j = ਞ ~h = ਹ ~n = ੰ ~m = ੱ |
When a consonant character is followed by a vowel character, it results in a live consonant.
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Example ka kA ki kI ku kU ke kai ko kau kaM kaH ਕ ਕਾ ਕਿ ਕੀ ਕੁ ਕੂ ਕੇ ਕੈ ਕੋ ਕੌ ਕਂ ਕਃ maiM ikk bhAratIy hAM ਮੈਂ ਇੱਕ ਭਾਰਤੀਯ ਹਾਂ |
Note:
In the Gurumukhi transliteration, an implicit 'a' matra is assumed for the last consonant of the word.
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Example: k,c,T,t,p --> ka,ca,Ta,ta,pa --> ਕ,ਚ,ਟ,ਤ,ਪ |
When a nasal consonant such as ਙ, ਞ, ਣ, ਨ, or ਮ occurs consecutively, a tippi ( ੰ ) symbol is placed on the previous character. tippi can also be explicitely specified using '~n'.
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Example: ammA - ਅੰਮਾ mu~nDA - ਮੁੰਡਾ |
When any other consonant occurs consecutively, a addak ( ੱ ) symbol is placed on the previous character. addak can also be explicitely specified using '~m'.
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Example: dillee - ਦਿੱਲੀ ba~mchA- ਬੱਚਾ |
`ਹ' consonant can be written in two ways; 'h', '~h'. If you want to apply a `ਹ' half consonant to consonants such as 'k', 'g', 't', 'd', etc, you have to use '~h' instead of of 'h'.
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Example: bakkiMghAm = ਬੱਕਿਂਘਾਮ bakkiMg~hAm = ਬੱਕਿਂਗ੍ਹਾਮ |
ZWJ, ZWNJ characters:
^ = ZWJ (zero width joiner)
^^ = ZWNJ (zero width non joiner)
If two English characters are making one Gurumukhi vowel (ex: ai, ou), then, ZWJ or ZWNJ character can be used to separate them into different vowels.
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Example: iMDiyainfo = ਇਂਡਿਯੈਨ੍ਫ਼ੋ iMDiya^info = ਇਂਡਿਯਇਨ੍ਫ਼ੋ |
Except for the above case, ZWJ and ZWNJ have no use in Baraha Gurumukhi transliteration.