Writing Devanagari words using Baraha transliteration scheme is as easy as writing our names in English. qÉåUÉ pÉÉUiÉ qÉWûÉlÉ can be written as merA bhArat mahAn. Devanagari script used for Sanskrit, Hindi, and Marathi languages are supported in Baraha. Other languages such as Konkani, Sindhi and Nepali that use devanagari script, can also be used. The transliteration rules are shown below with examples.

 

See: Transliteration Examples

Vowel:

A = a, AÉ = A,aa, C = i, D = I,ee, E = u, F = U,oo, G = Ru, H = RU, I = ~Lu, J = ~LU, K(Aä) = ~e,~a, Lã = E, L = e, Lå = ai, B = ~o, AÉã = O, AÉå = o, AÉæ = au,ou

 

Æ = ~M

Ç = M

È = H

 

Consonant:

Mü = k, ZÉ = K,kh, aÉ = g, bÉ = G,gh, Xû = ~g

cÉ = c,ch, Nû = C,Ch, eÉ = j, fÉ = J,jh, gÉ = ~j

Oû = T, Pû = Th, Qû = D, Rû = Dh, hÉ = N

iÉ = t, jÉ = th, S = d, kÉ = dh, lÉ = n, ÄlÉ = nx

mÉ = p, Tü = P,ph, oÉ = b, pÉ = B,bh, qÉ = m

 

rÉ = y, U = r, ÄU = rx, sÉ = l, Vû = L, ÄVû = Lx, uÉ = v,w, zÉ = S,sh, wÉ = Sh, xÉ = s, Wû = h,~h

 

Others:

Å = & (avagraha)

Á = oum

Ä = x (nukta)

Zero Width Joiner = ^

Zero Width Non Joiner = ^^

 

Extended Characters:

The consonants with a nukta (dot) under them can be obtained by using the 'x' character following the respective consonants as shown below. These characters are mainly used for words borrowed from other languages.

 

Example:

ÄMü = kx ----> WûÄMüÏÄMüiÉ = hakxIkxat

ÄZÉ = Kx ----> ÄZÉÑzÉ = Kxush

ÄaÉ = gx ----> mÉæÄaÉÉqÉ = paigxAm

ÄeÉ = z,jx ----> oÉÄeÉÉU = bazAr(bajxAr)

ÄQû = Dx ----> ÎZÉsÉÉÌÄQû = KilADxi

ÄRû = Dhx ----> xÉÏÄRûÏ = sIDhxI

ÄTü = f,Px ---> MüÉÌÄTü = kAfi(kAPxi)

ÄrÉ = Y,yx

 

Punctuation Marks:

The English symbols [ ] { } ( ) - + * / = | ; : . , " ? ! % \ ~ _ translate into the same symbols in Devanagari also.

 

Quotation Marks:

` ' characters are converted to single smart quotes(` ') characters. We can get double smart quotes(`` '') by using them twice.

 

~ Usage:

'~' character when used with other characters form a different character as shown below.

 

Example:

~~ = ~

~@ = @

~# = #

~$ = $

~& = &

~^ = ^

~g = Xû

~j = gÉ

~h = Wû

~e = K

~o = B

~M = Æ

 

When a consonant character is followed by a vowel character, it results in a live consonant.

 

Example

ka kA ki kI ku kU kRu kRU klRu klRU k~e ke kE kai k~o ko kO kau kaM kaH

Mü MüÉ ÌMü MüÐ MÑü MÔü M×ü MÚü YsÉ× YsÉÚ Mäü Måü Mãü Mæü MüÊ MüÉå MüÉã MüÉæ MÇü MüÈ

bhAShAsu mukhyA madhurA divyA gIrvANabhAratI.

pÉÉwÉÉxÉÑ qÉÑZrÉÉ qÉkÉÑUÉ ÌSurÉÉ aÉÏuÉÉïhÉpÉÉUiÉÏ.

 

Note:

Transliteration for Hindi and Marathi languages are the same. In the Hindi/Marati transliteration, an implicit 'a' matra is assumed for the last consonant of the word. But, in Sanskrit transilteraion, 'a' matra has to be explicitely specified for the last consonant of the word. Otherwise, the halant sign would be used for the same. This is the only difference between Hindi/Marathi and Sanskrit transliteration.

 

Example:

<lang=san>k,c,T,t,p --> Mçü,cÉç,Oèû,iÉç,mÉç

<lang=hin>k,c,T,t,p --> ka,ca,Ta,ta,pa --> Mü,cÉ,Oû,iÉ,mÉ

 

When two or more consecutive consonants appear in the input, they make a consonant conjunct. The last consonant takes the full form and the preceding consonants become half consonants.

 

Example:

nyAy - lrÉÉrÉ

 

`Wû' consonant can be written in two ways; 'h', '~h'. If you want to use a `Wû' in conjuncts where the first consonant is 'k', 'g', 't', 'd', etc, you have to use '~h' instead of of 'h'.

 

Example:

bakkiMghAm = oÉÌ‚ÇübÉÉqÉ

bakkiMg~hAm = oÉÌ‚ÇüaWûÉqÉ

 

When 'rx' (ÄU) consonant comes in a consonant conjunct, it forms Marathi half-ra (eyelash form).

 

Example:

karaNArxyA = MüUhÉÉîrÉÉ

 

The K (CHANDRA_E) is rendered differently in Marathi as shown below.

 

Example:

<lang=mar>~e(~a), ~ekT(~akT)

Aä, AäYOû

 

ZWJ, ZWNJ characters:

 

^ = ZWJ (zero width joiner)

^^ = ZWNJ (zero width non joiner)

 

Usually when a consonant cluster (two or more consecutive consonants) occurs, it will be rendered as a ligature if that is available in the font. The ZWJ and ZWNJ can be used to produce an alternate rendering of the ligatures.

 

If a consonant is followed by the ZWJ, half-form of the consonant is formed.

 

Example:

rakShaNa - U¤ÉhÉ

rak^ShaNa - UYwÉhÉ

shakti - zÉÌ£ü

shak^ti - zÉÎYiÉ

 

If a dead consonant (consonant with halant symbol) is required, the ZWNJ character should be used after the consonant.

 

Example:

rAj^^kumAr - UÉeÉçMÑüqÉÉU

rAjkumAr^^ - UÉeMÑüqÉÉUç

 

If two English characters are making one Devanagari vowel (ex: ai, ou), then, ZWJ or ZWNJ character can be used to separate them into different vowels.

 

Example:

iMDiyainfo = CÇÌQûrÉælÄTüÉå

iMDiya^info = CÇÌQûrÉClÄTüÉå

iMDiya^^info = CÇÌQûrÉClÄTüÉå

 

Vedic Symbols:

@, #, and $ symbols are transliterated into anudatta, udatta and swarita respectively. Vedic symbols are available in "BRH Devanagari Extra" font. The gu, ggu,gM symbols can be obtained as independent glyphs as show below.

 

@ = … (anudatta)

# = † (udatta)

$ = ‡ (swarita)

#f1; = ñ (gu)

#f2; = ò (ggu)

#f3; = ó (gM)

#f3;#e8;= óè (gM)

 

Example:

<lang=san|font="BRH Devanagari Extra"> sa@hasra# SIrShA@ puru#ShaH | sa@ha@srA@kShaH sahasra#pAt | sa bhUmi#M vi@Svato# vRu@tvA | atya@tiShThaddaSAMgu@lam | puru#Sha e@vedagM sarvam$ |

 

xÉýWûxÉëþ zÉÏwÉÉïý mÉÑÂþwÉÈ | xÉýWûýxÉëÉý¤ÉÈ xÉWûxÉëþmÉÉiÉç | xÉ pÉÔÍqÉþÇ ÌuÉýµÉiÉÉåþ uÉ×ýiuÉÉ | AirÉýÌiɸ¬zÉÉÇaÉÑýsÉqÉç | mÉÑÂþwÉ LýuÉåSaÉçÇ xÉuÉïqÉçÿ |

 

Laghu, Guru symbols:

'q' and 'Q' characters represent the laghu, guru symbols respectively, used in Devanagari prosody. These symbols are available in "BRH Devanagari Extra" font.

 

q = ù (sÉbÉÑ

Q = ú (aÉÑÂ)

 

Example:

yaq mAQ tAQ rAQ jaq bhAQ naq saq laq gaQM

rÉù qÉÉú iÉÉú UÉú eÉù pÉÉú lÉù xÉù sÉù aÉúÇ

 

Note:

BRH Devanagari Extra font consists of the same characters that are in the BRH Devanagari font. The BRH Devanagari Extra font has more vertical space between the characters in order to accommodate the vedic and laghu, guru symbols.

 

Independent Glyphs:

In some special cases, it may be required to show specific glyphs in the fonts. They can be obtained by specifying the hex value of the glyph code. This value should be in the range 0x0000 - 0xFFFF (0 - 65536). If the value is between 0x00 - 0xFF (0 - 255), then it represents the glyph code of a font. If the value is 0x100 - 0xFFFF (256 - 65536), then it represents a unicode character. In Baraha editor, the UNICODE characters are not supported and hence shown as '?' symbol. But, when the document is exported to UNICODE format, these UNICODE characters will be retained.

 

Example:

#46; = F

#5a; = Z

#c85; = ?

#0905; = ?

 

Roman Numerals:

All Baraha fonts have Indian language numerals in the place of roman numerals. For example, the "BRH Devanagari" font has Devanagari numerals. If roman numerals are required, you have to use either "BRH Devanagari RN" font or <lang=eng> switch as shown below.

 

Example:

<font="BRH Devanagari RN">1234567890

1234567890

 

<lang=eng>1234567890

1234567890

 

See: Transliteration Examples